United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Green transition has become a long conversation between countries, looking into the rapid rising of sea level, the constant increase of temperature day by day, and not to mention the never-ending heat wave that is affecting several countries in the European region. By this issue the agenda of green transition has emerged and been processed deeply through many forums including the Conference of the Parties (COP). In order to achieve such a measure OECD highlights that it will be very dependent on countries’ minimum ability in transitioning their economy. Moreover, they evaluate that this transition required effective public policies within a strong force by the private sector engagement; coordination between economy, finance, industry, agriculture, and trade are important to support the agenda. Furthermore, discussing the role of developing nations and Least Developed Countries (LDCs), these two categorizations have a high index of being impacted through climate change. Within the event of COP27 in Egypt it was presented that every developing or developed country has uncommon considerations of interest. The International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that investment in renewable energy has reached three quarters of the growth in overall energy investment. However, in order for developing nations to follow this they need to find alternative resources that have a price below or equivalent to fossil fuels. In addition, a paper published by Van and Szeles (2026) mentions that their research discovered that green transition has worsened the condition of developing nations, evaluating 74 developing economies from 2000 to 2022. Lastly, specifying the mining sector for developing countries, the main concerns include whether mining projects positively affect local communities, whether developed nations exploit the sources of rare minerals, and how developing nations can find alternatives equivalent to fossil fuels while still contributing more to the green transition.